The theory of evolution by natural selection can be summed up as follows:
- Individuals of any group recognised as a ‘species’ vary.
- Some of these variations survive better than others.
- The variations are heritable (i.e. the offspring inherit the characteristic which makes the parents different from the rest of the population).
- Those that survive best (obviously) are the ones that end up producing most offspring.
- Over generations, the frequency of individuals with the most ‘useful’ (for that environment) variations will increase because they are the ones that produce most offspring.
The above is obvious to grasp by conducting a thought experiment. Imagine a (very) large room containing a cat and lots of mice. These are particularly unusual mice in that they do not have to mate to produce offspring (for simplicity) – they simply replicate themselves. Imagine that you begin with 30 black mice and 1 albino (white). The mice all reproduce at the same rate and the room is painted white. The black mice strand out so most eventually get killed by the cat. As such, they have less time to produce offspring than the white mice. Since mice, like humans, get their colour from their parents (i.e. this is an inherited characteristic), black mice produce black offspring and white mice produce white ones. Soon the number of black mice has been reduced since they keep getting killed before they have a chance to clone themselves. The white mice, on the other hand, are blending into the background and avoiding the cat. They survive longer and replicate themselves more. Over time, all the black mice die and the white ones remain.
The same occurs with wild populations except in a much more complicated manner since the variations are many – not just a single color – and there is sexual reproduction. In the thought experiment the white mouse was included at the start – in the wild it would arise due to a mutation (a ‘mistake’ in the gene that normally produces black pigment. Pigments are proteins. A pigment that is not functional results in albinism). Mutations are random. They occur when DNA replication goes wrong.
Adding information is easy. Sometimes a whole genome gets duplicated (as in polyploids). The duplicate genes are then free to mutate and produce new proteins with new functions. Alternatively, a single chromosome or gene gets copied. They can also be lost or even introduced from entirely different species as is the case with retrotransposons – DNA sequences originating from viruses. However, it also isn’t necessary to add new information in this sense at all. As with the mouse example above, a ‘mistake’ in an existing gene is enough to lead to changes in appearance and, therefore, evolution.

This is an irrelevant argument – a straw man. The theory of evolution does not deal with how life first emerged. That is abiogenesis.
Evolution only explains speciation and changes in organisms over time ONCE life has emerged.
There is, however, on-going research into how life did first emerge and it is very likely to have been the result of simple self-replicating RNA-type molecules that later found themselves within a lipid bilayer similar to those that make up cell membranes today. Spherical lipid bilayers form naturally due to simple laws of physics in the same way that soap bubbles do.